Alfred pa raf



ennui, swat patent dtihiite.

ALFRED "PARAF,

Letters Patent No. 95,040, dated September nvflrno'vnn PROGESS FORPRINTING- COLORS 01v 'rnxmnz: MATERIALS.

The illchednle referred to in these Letters Patent and making part clthe same.

To all whom a't may com e'rn Be it known that I, ALFRED PARAF, ofFrance, at present a resident in the city, county, and State of NewYork, have made an invention or discovery of a new and useful Process ofObtaining, Bright Colors upon Olothby Printing, and that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description and specification of my saidinvention.-

My invention consists of the process of printing colorsupon cloth orother textile fabric, by the following operations, viz:

First, the application of the coloring-matter to the cloth by printingitthereon.

Second, the application to the cloth of a chemical compound of an alkaliand a volatile acid, which will decompose, by steaming the clothsubsequent to the printing of the color, andthus leave the alkali freeto autumn and brighten or develop the printed color or to translorm itinto the desired color. Third, the steaming of the printed cloth.

The order in which the first two operations are performed is notmaterial to the invention, although I the color, and each has thatalkali combined with a volatile acid which passes off or is dissipatedin the operation of steaming, leaving the alkali free to act upon thecolor.

In order that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed todescribe the mode in which I have practised it with success,whenprinting madder-colors upon cotton cloth.

The preparation of-m'adder which I prefer to use for this purpose is theextract of it called tinctorine, and described in the patent granted tome the 17th day of August, A. D. 1869. Forprinting red madder-color, Iprefer a compound made as follows, viz:

Tinctprine, forty pounds.

Rancld olive-oil, ten pounds. Liquid acetic acid, at 10 Twaddle, onehundred pounds.

Starch, in powder, twenty-two pounds.

I boil the mixture, so as to dissolve the starch, then permit it tocool, and add- Solution of acetate off'alumina, at 16 Twaddle, fifteenpounds.

Solution of acetate of lime, at 16 Twaddle, ten pounds. 7 I 1 Forprinting chocolate inaddercolor, I prepare a compound, made as above,using the same ingredients, with the exception of the acetate ofalumina. I replace that ingredient by an "equal quantity of the solutionof acetate of --iron at 10 Twaddle.

For printibg purple inadd'er-colors, Imixtogether equal quantities 6fthe above two compounds.

I print the compound upon the cloth in the same manner and by the samemeans as are commonly used for printing cotton cloth with othercompounds. Then I hang up the printed article in the air for at leasttwo hours; theeffect of which appears to be to start the volatilizationof the acetic acid. I then place the article in a steam-chest, such asis commonly em ployed in print-works; r the purpose of steaming printedcloths, and I Steam it with steam, of two and a half pounds pressure,[or halt an hour. 1 afterward hang up the article, so as to expose it tothe contact of air, for two hours, and then wash it, if I find washingnecessary.

The theory of my process appears to be as follows: the volatile acidprevents the alumina or the iron (as well'as the alkali) from combiningwith the coloringmatter until the printing is efiected. The steamingdissipates the acetic acid, permitting the alumina, or the iron, to forma colored compound with the coloringmatter, and the alkali to develop,transform, or brighten the color produced. Theemployment of the oil, orsome equivalent, is advantageous, because it combines with any excess ofalkali to form a soap, thereby prcventing such excess from injuring thecolor.

The mode of application above described may be varied. Thus, forexample, the clothmay first be .padded (in the common mode practised bycalicoprinters) with the acetate of the alkali, after which it should behung up in an ageing-room (where the atmosphere is warm andmoist) untilthe acetic acid has passed off. The cloth may then be printed with acompound of the coloring-matter, from which the acetate of the alkaliisomitted, after which the cloth should be treated as when it is printedsimultaneously with the color and with the acetate of the alkali.

Again, an acetate of lime, or of soda, or of potash, or a mixture ofthese, may-be compounded with the coloring-matter before the latter iscompounded with the starch and acetic acid. In this case, the starchshould be boiled with the acetic acid, and the solution should bepermitted to 6001, after which the compound of the color and acetate ofthe alkali maybe stirred into it, and also the acetate of alumina, or ofiron, according to the color required.

The process, thus described, is not restricted to 'madderscolors, butmag, be used with advantage in rinting other coloring-materials, thecolors of which i wood, alkanet, anotto, ehromate of lead, rhubarbroot,Persian berry, chrome-green.

Moreover, the ingredients used in making the compounds that are appliedto the cloth, and the proportions in which the ingredients arecompounded, may be varied, as found expedient, so long as the process benot materially changed.

I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- Theprocess, hereinbefore described, of printing colors upon a textilematerial, by printing it with the coloring-material, applying a compoundof an alkali and volatile acid to it, and steaming it, substantially asbefore described.

In testimony-whereof, I have hereto set my hand, this 23d day of August,A. D. 1869.

Witnesses: ALFRED PARAF.

E. S. RENWICK, W. L. BENNEM.

